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らいしゅう、えいがをみてみよう！
Raishuu, eiga o mite miyou!
Next week, let's try to watch a movie!
To try
The verb 'to try' is a little tricky in Japanese. Coupled with verbs, we will use みる. Yes, みる also means 'to see' or 'to watch'. It will require the 〜て form of verbs.
VERB 〜て + みる
I will try to cook Okonomiyaki.
おこのみやきをりょうりしてみます。
Okonomiyaki o ryouri shite mimasu.
I love spicy food. Hey, you want to try (to eat some)?
からいものがだいすきです。ね、たべてみたいですか？
Karai mono ga daisuki desu. Ne, tabete mitai desu ka?
Shall we sing together? (Shall we try singing together)
いっしょにうたってみましょうか？
Issho ni utatte mimashou ka?
We will try to watch a movie this weekend.
しゅうまつはえいがをみてみる。
Shuumatsu wa eiga o mite miru.
I will try (to do) the exam.
しけんをやってみます。
Shiken o yatte mimasu.
In English, the verb 'to try' can stand on its own, like in the sentence 'do you want to try apples?' but in Japanese, it always has to be attached to a verb. So, 'do you want to try apples?' will become 'do you want to try to eat apples? (taste apples)'.
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Volition form
At the very beginning, we saw the verb form 〜ましょう, which roughly translated to 'let's (do something)'. Today, we will see the casual form of this construction.
I hope you remember what ichidan and godan verbs are, because we will need them.
For ichidan verbs, you will replace 〜る by 〜よう.
Let's eat together!
いっしょにたべよう！
Issho ni tabeyou!
Let's wake up at 8 c'clock.
はちじにおきよう。
Hachi ji ni okiyou.
For godan verbs, you simply transform the う sound to a お sound.
あう〜あおう
まつ〜まとう
はなす〜はなそう
つくる〜つくろう
いく〜いこう
およぐ〜およごう
しぬ〜しのう
えらぶ〜えらぼう
よむ〜よもう
Irregular verbs:
くる〜こよう
する〜しよう
So, let's meet at 5 o'clock in the park!
じゃ、ごじにこうえんであおう！
Ja, go ji ni kouen de aou!
How about we read this book together? (Let's read this book together, shall we?)
このほんをいっしょによもう？
Kono hon o issho ni yomou?
Let's go karaoke!
カラオケにいこう！
Karaoke ni ikou!
The う makes a long 'o', in this case. Only when verbs are in the infinitive should you pronounce the う separately.
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Giving orders
We saw how to ask someone to do something politely with 〜て form of verbs + ください. There is another way to give orders that is more direct, and this is with 〜なさい.
With ichidan verbs, we will remove 〜る and simply add 〜なさい.
Please eat your vegetables.
やさいをたべなさい。
Yasai o tabenasai.
Wake up at 7 o'clock, please.
しちじにおきなさいよ。
Shichi ji ni okinasai yo.
With godan verbs, we will remove the 〜ます form and add 〜なさい.
Please, listen carefully.
よくききなさい。
Yoku kikinasai.
Please, write a letter to Reina.
れいなにてがみをかきなさい。
Reina ni tegami o kakinasai.
To be more rude while giving orders, for ichidan verbs, the 〜る becomes 〜ろ and for godan verbs, the う sound changes into え sound.
Stop!
やめろ！
Yamero!
Eat!
たべろ！
Tabero!
Go!
いけ！
Ike!
Listen to me!
わたしにきけよ！
Watashi ni kike yo!
Now that we have gotten into the casual form, here is a list of the different pronouns you can use in Japanese:
わたし - I (general)
わたくし - I (used by women, more formal)
あたし - I (used by women, less formal)
おれ - I (used by men, less formal)
ぼく - I (used by men)
あなた - You (general)
あんた - You (contraction of あなた)
おまえ - You (used by men, less formal)
きみ - You (used mostly by men)
てめ - You (used by men, vulgar)
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Might or might not
かどうか roughly translates to 'might or might not' or 'whether or not'.
I don't know whether it will be sunny tomorrow (or not).
あしたはれるかどうかしらない。
Ashita hareru kadouka shiranai.
I am not sure if that is correct or not.
それがただしいかどうかわからない。
Sore ga tadashii kadouka wakaranai.
I'll let you know later by phone if I am going or not.
いくかどうかあとででんわでしらせます。
Iku kadouka ato de denwa de shirasemasu.
We won't know if it is good or not until we eat it.
おいしいかどうかたべないとわからない。
Oishii kadouka tabenai to wakaranai.
Please check again whether or not you wrote the name down.
なまえをかいたかどうか、もういちどチェックしてください。
Namae o kaita kadouka, mou ichido chekku shite kudasai.
I am worried whether or not we will succeed with this plan.
このけいかくはせいこうできるかどうかしんぱいです。
Kono keikaku wa seikou dekiru kadouka shinpai desu.
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Or
We use the particle か to say 'or' in Japanese.
NOUN 1 + か + NOUN 2 (か NOUN 3)
Is it a dog or a cat?
いぬかねこですか？
Inu ka neko desu ka?
I'm going to Kyoto by bus or by train.
きょうとにバスかでんしゃでいきます。
Kyouto ni basu ka densha de ikimasu.
If you have any questions, please reach out by phone or email.
しつもんがあれば、でんわかメールでれんらくしてください。
Shitsumon ga areba, denwa ka meeru de renraku shite kudasai.
Apple or watermelon, which one do you want to eat?
りんごかすいか、どっちがたべたい？
Ringo ka suika, docchi ga tabetai?
Green tea, Oolong tea or black tea, which one is good for you?
りょくちゃかウーロンちゃかこうちゃ、どれがいい？
Ryokucha ka Uuron cha ka koucha, dore ga ii?
There is another way to say 'or' in Japanese. As か is used to mark two or more alternatives and is used to connect only nouns, それとも will connect two alternatives and can be connected to verbs and adjectives.
Is that bag expensive? Or is it cheap?
あのかばんはたかいですか、それともやすいですか？
Ano kaban wa takai desu ka, soretomo yasui desu ka?
Is coffee good for you, or will you take tea?
コーヒーがいいですか、それともおちゃがいいですか？
Koohii ga ii desu ka, soretomo ocha ga ii desu ka?
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You have completed lesson 19!
レッシュン19ができた！
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