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いっしょににほんごをべんきょうしましょう！
Issho ni nihongo o benkyou shimashou!
Let's study Japanese together!
With or by oneself
In the lesson on the particle と, we learned about how it can either mean 'and' as in 'Reina and Chiharu', but it can also mean 'with', such as 'I am going to France with Reina'. We will learn more about it and the expression 'by oneself'.
The best way to say 'with someone' is to use the expression '.... といっしょに (... to issho ni).
いっしょ（に）means 'together', so we say 'together with Reina'.
I am going to France with Reina.
れいなといっしょにフランスにいきます。
Reina to issho ni Furansu ni ikimasu.
If we are talking to our friend, for instance, we can drop the name and と.
Let's play together!
いっしょにあそびましょう!
Issho ni asobimashou!
To express that we do things by ourselves, we will use the expression ひとりで (hitori de). ひとり is one person, and で is roughly translated as 'by' in this case. 'By one person' means 'by oneself'.
I am going to Japan by myself.
ひとりでにほんにいきます。
Hitori de nihon ni ikimasu.
I will draw by myself (alone).
ひとりでえをかきます。
Hitori de e o kakimasu.
え is 'drawing' or 'painting' and かきます（かく）means 'to write'. Together, えをかきます means 'to draw'.
If you want to say, for instance, that your friend is going to England by themselves, simply use this construction.
Reina is going to England by herself.
れいなはひとりでイギリスにいきます。
Reina wa hitori de igirisu ni ikimasu.
This expression is not limited to only ourselves. We can use it for other people.
We can also use this expression: じぶんで (jibun de). It roughly mean 'by myself' as well.
I am going to school by myself.
じぶんでがっこうにいきます。
Jibun de gakkou ni ikimasu.
'Jibun' actually means 'myself' or 'oneself' as opposed to 'hitori' which has more of a meaning of being alone. In fact, ひとりぼっち (hitoribocchi) means 'alone'.
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Particle で
This construction brings me now to explain the particle で. In this case, we will see it as meaning 'by the means of'. This particle is used a lot with actions verbs and is called the instrumental particle.
I eat sushi with chopsticks.
はしですしをたべます。
Hashi de sushi o tabemasu.
はし is 'chopsticks'. In this sentence, we say 'I eat by the means of chopsticks'.
We can also say:
I am going by train.
でんしゃでいきます。
Densha de ikimasu.
でんしゃ is 'train'. This sentence would roughly be translated to 'I go by the means of train'.
It is essentially explaining the method you took to do something. This is why you shouldn't be mixing と and で, as they can both mean 'with'. と means 'with' as in 'in the presence of' and で means 'with' as a way to accomplish something.
Think about it as the means or method or way of doing something. How do you eat rice? With chopsticks. How did you go to school? By train.
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Particles へ and に
We have seen the verb 'to go' in Japanese, いきます（いく）. Now, it is the time to see the two particles of movement.
We already saw that に has many uses as a particle. We saw it with locations, with the verb あいます (aimasu), and now we will see it with more verbs that express movement.
Technically speaking, へ designates the departure (going toward) and に designates the arrival (to be somewhere). In theory, with the verb いきます, we should be using the particle へ, but almost everyone uses the particle に. In perfect grammar, however, に would only be used with the verb 'to go' in the past, since we already reached our destination by that point.
I will go to Japan next year.
らいねん、にほんへいきます。
Rainen, nihon e ikimasu.
Last year, I went to Japan.
きょねん、にほんにいきました。
Kyonen, nihon ni ikimashita.
This is the right way to say it, but many Japanese will still use に in both examples.
Also, small hint: the particle へ is written 'he' but is pronounced 'e', just like how the particle は is pronounced 'wa' and not 'ha', and the particle を is pronounced 'o' and not 'wo'.
Also, be mindful that even though in Japanese the use of commas is minimal, I will use them to make it easier for you to read. Commas work differently in Japanese and are not used that much, compared to English.
We will use the particle へ in other occasions, such as 'welcome to my home'
わたしのいえへようこそ (watashi no ie e youkoso).
に will also be used with more movement verbs, such as のぼる (noboru) (to climb) and のる (noru) (to ride).
I will climb Mount Fuji.
ふじさんにのぼります。
Fuji san ni noborimasu.
That's okay, I will ride (take) a taxi.
だいじょうぶ、タクシーにのります。
Daijoubu, takushii ni norimasu.
I ride the train every morning.
まいあさ、でんしゃにのります。
Maiasa, densha ni norimasu.
So, to review, the particle へ designates the departure (going towards a place) and the particle に designates the arrival and works with certain movement verbs (like のぼる and のる).
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Let's do or shall we do?
The ending 〜ましょう (〜mashou) is the equivalent of 'let's...' in English.
To use it, simply replace 〜ます with 〜ましょう and you get the 'let's' form.
Let's drink!
のみましょう！
Nomimashou!
Let's eat Okonomiyaki!
おこのみやきをたべましょう！
Okonomiyaki o tabemashou!
To invite someone to do something, we use the negative form of verbs instead. You will see that asking questions in the negative form is more polite in Japanese.
Why don't we drink beer?
ビールをのみませんか？
Biiru o nomimasen ka?
Yes, let's drink!
はい、のみましょう！
Hai, nomimashou!
Why don't we go eat?
たべにいきませんか？
Tabeni ikimasen ka?
Yes, let's go eat!
はい、たべにいきましょう！
Hai, tabeni ikimashou!
In this construction, we use the stems of verbs + にいきます to say 'to go do something'.
You can do this for almost all verbs.
To go drink
のみにいきます
Nomini ikimasu
To go eat
たべにいきます
Tabeni ikimasu
To go play
あそびにいきます
Asobini ikimasu
It doesn't imply the future in this case, it only implies that we actually go somewhere to do these actions. Do not confuse this construction with the future tense! Only the 〜ます form here indicates the future.
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Particle ね
I am sure you've heard this particle many times in anime!
This particle is also an end-of-sentence particle, much like よ, but it has a different meaning.
We can translate this particle as 'isn't it?'
Today is a good day (temperature), isn't it?
きょうはいいてんきですね。
Kyou wa ii tenki desu ne.
This grilled chicken is delicious, right?
このやきとりはおいしいですね。
Kono yakitori wa oishii desu ne.
We don't need to use '?' when using ね.
In some cases, you can use よ and ね together.
Today is a good day, isn't it?
きょうはいいてんきですよね。
Kyou wa ii tenki desu yo ne.
That's nice, isn't it?
いいですよね！
Ii desu yo ne!
Again, よ will bring more emphasis on the fact that today is a good day.
We always put よ before ね, never the reverse.
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くるま - car
でんしゃ - train
タクシー - taxi
じてんしゃ - bicycle
ちかてつ - subway, underground
あるいて - by walk, by foot
のります - to ride
あるきます - to walk
はしります - to run
さんぽします - to take a walk
いきます - to go
のみます - to drink
よみます - to read
たべます - to eat
あいます - to meet
いっしょ - together
なるほど - I see... as in 'ah, I see...'
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You have completed lesson 7!
レッシュン7ができました！
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